In works of fiction, the voice-over is often by a character reflecting on his or her past, or by a person external to the story who usually has a more complete knowledge of the events in the film than the other characters. Also, sometimes they can be random voices not directly connected to the people seen on the screen. Consequently, voice-overs are sometimes used to create ironic counterpoint. In film, the filmmaker distributes the sound of a human voice (or voices) over images shown on the screen that may or may not be related to the words that are being spoken. The technique of characterization can be a creative outlet to expand on film and radio, but it must be done carefully.
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In the late 1920s, radio started to stray away from reporting exclusively on musicals and sporting events instead, radio began to create serial talk shows as well as shows with fictional story lines. Characterization has always been popular in culture and all forms of media. It also became the ideal medium for voice impersonations. Radio made this racial mockery easier to get away with because it was a non-confrontational platform to freely express anything the broadcasters found fit. There has been some controversy with charactering techniques in voice-overs, particularly with white radio entertainers who would mimic black speech patterns. Noteworthy and versatile voice actors include Mel Blanc, Daws Butler, Don Messick, Paul Frees, and June Foray.Ĭharactering techniques in voice-overs are used to give personalities and voice to fictional characters. Voice-over technique is likewise used to give voices and personalities to animated characters. In Herman Melville's Moby Dick (1956), Ishmael (Richard Basehart) narrates the story, and he sometimes comments on the action in voice-over, as does Joe Gillis (William Holden) in Sunset Boulevard (1950) and Eric Erickson (William Holden) in The Counterfeit Traitor (1962) adult Pip (John Mills) in Great Expectations (1946) and Michael York in its 1974 television remake. Voice-over is added in addition to any existing dialogue and is not to be confused with voice acting or the process of replacing dialogue with a translated version, the latter of which is called dubbing or revoicing. It may also be read live for events such as award presentations. Voice-overs are used in video games and on-hold messages, as well as for announcements and information at events and tourist destinations. It is usually prerecorded and placed over the top of a film or video and commonly used in documentaries or news reports to explain information. Asynchronous, however, is also used in cinema. Synchronous dialogue, where the voice-over is narrating the action that is taking place at the same time, remains the most common technique in voice-overs. The voice-over is read from a script and may be spoken by someone who appears elsewhere in the production or by a specialist voice actor. Voice-over (also known as off-camera or off-stage commentary) is a production technique where a voice-that is not part of the narrative (non-diegetic)-is used in a radio, television production, filmmaking, theatre, or other presentations.
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